{"id":1956,"date":"2024-07-19T06:20:25","date_gmt":"2024-07-19T06:20:25","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-07-19T06:20:25","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T06:20:25","slug":"3-1-factorii-de-risc-de-accidentare-si-imbolnavire-profesionala","status":"publish","type":"lesson","link":"https:\/\/ascendo2001.ro\/en\/courses\/cursul-de-inspector-in-securitate-si-sanatate-in-munca-ssm-este-un-program-de-formare-destinat-persoanelor-care-doresc-sa-dobandeasca-cunostintele-si-competentele-necesare-pentru-a-asigura-sanatatea\/lessons\/3-1-factorii-de-risc-de-accidentare-si-imbolnavire-profesionala\/","title":{"rendered":"3.1. FACTORII DE RISC DE ACCIDENTARE SI IMBOLNAVIRE PROFESIONALA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Factorii de risc de accidentare si imbolnavire profesionala sunt factori ( insusiri, stari, procese, fenomene, comportamente ) proprii elementelor sistemului de munca, ce pot provoca, in anumite conditii, accidente de munca sau boli profesionale.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Deoarece se regasesc la nivelul fiecarui element al sistemului de munca, cel mai general criteriu de clasificare ii imparte in:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>factori de risc proprii mijloacelor de productie;<\/li>\n<li>factori de risc proprii mediului de munca;<\/li>\n<li>factori de risc proprii sarcinIi de munca;<\/li>\n<li>factori de risc&nbsp; proprii&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3.1.1&nbsp;FACTORII DE RISC PROPRII MIJLOACELOR DE PRODUCTIE<\/h3>\n<p>Dupa natura actiunilor, factorii de risc proprii mijloacelor de productie se pot manifesta sub urmatoarele forme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Factori de risc fizic<\/em><\/strong>, respectiv:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>factori de risc mecanic<\/strong>, a caror actiune consta in eliberarea brusca, necontrolata si contraindicata, a energiei cinetice incorporate in mijloacele de productie sau in parti ale acestora ( autopornirea unui robot datorita dereglarii circuitelor de comanda , desprinderea si proiectarea de corpuri metalice la prelucrarea prin frezare, desfacerea sarcinii din carligul unei macarale etc. \u2013 miscari periculoase, suprafete sau contururi periculoase, respectiv taioase, abrazive, adezive, sub \/ suprapresiunea la cere lucreaza anumite utilaje si instalatii, cum ar fi compresoarele, autoclavele, recipientele si buteliile de aer comprimat care pot provoca implozii sau explozii, vibratiile excesive ale sculelor, utilajelor etc., care pot provoca boli profesionale ).<\/li>\n<li><strong>factori de risc termic<\/strong>, in cazul carora riscul este determinat de actiunea energiei termice incorporate in mijloacele de productie la contactul sau manipularea acestora de catre executant ( obiecte cu temperaturi excesiv de ridicate sau coborate );<\/li>\n<li><strong>factori de risc electric<\/strong>, respectiv curentul electric care actioneaza sau este vehiculat de mijloacele de productie;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Factori de risc chimic<\/em><\/strong><strong>, <\/strong>a caror actiune este determinata de proprietatile chimice, posibil generatoare de boli sau accidente, ale substantelor utilizate in procesele de munca ( acizi, substante toxice, inflamabile, explozive );<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Factori de risc biologic<\/em><\/strong>, intalniti mai ales in laboratoarele farmaceutice, ale institutiilor medicale , unde se lucreaza cu microorganisme care pot provoca, de obicei, boli profesionale;<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Sub \/ suprasolicitarea executantului<\/em><\/strong>, datorita anumitor caracteristici ale mijloacelor de productie ( de exemplu o presa automata al carui tact este mult prea rapid in raport cu posibilitatile operatorului care trebuie sa o alimenteze ).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3<a name=\"_TOC_250016\" class=\"mce-item-anchor\"><\/a>.1.2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; FACTORII DE RISC PROPRII MEDIULUI DE MUNCA<\/h3>\n<p>Mediul fizic ambiant poate prezenta factori de risc sub forma de depasiri ale nivelului sau<\/p>\n<p>intensitatii functionale a parametrilor specifici, precum si de aparitii ale unor conditii de munca inadecvate:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>factori de risc chimic ( pulberi si gaze toxice, corosive, inflamabile prezente in atmosfera de la locul de munca );<\/li>\n<li>factori de risc fizic ( mecanici \u2013 zgomotul excesiv, ultrasunetelesuprapresiunea in adancimea apelor etc.; termici \u2013 temperatura excesiv de ridicata sau de scazuta a aerului; electrici \u2013 incarcarea electrostatica necorespunzatoare a aerului );<\/li>\n<li>factori de risc biologic ( prezenta unor spori sau virusuri in atmosfera locului de munca );<\/li>\n<li>factori de risc de sub \/ suprasolicitare psihofiziologica a executantului ( caracterul special, neobisnuit al mediului \u2013 acvatic, extraterestru etc. ).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mediul social se caracterizeaza prin factori de risc de natura psihica, al caror efect este suprasolicitarea executantului si sunt generati de caracteristicile relatiilor interumane.<\/p>\n<h3>3<a name=\"_TOC_250015\" class=\"mce-item-anchor\"><\/a>.1.3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; FACTORII DE RISC PROPRII SARCINII DE MUNCA<\/h3>\n<p>Exista doua forme de manifestare a factorilor de risc proprii sarcinii de munca:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>continut sau structura necorespunzatoare a sarcinii de munca, in raport cu scopul sistemului de munca sau cu cerintele impuse de situatiile de risc ( operatii, reguli, procedee de lucru gresite, absenta unor operatii, metode de munca necorespunzatoare );<\/li>\n<li>sub \/ supradimensionarea cerintelor impuse executantului, respectiv necorespunzatoare posibilitatilor acestuia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Prima forma are la baza o insuficienta cunoastere a tehnologiilor si metodelor de munca adecvate scopului procesului de munca si determina erori de executie la nivelul executantului, fara ca acesta sa fie vinovat.<\/p>\n<p>A doua grupa provine din neluarea in considerare a posibilitatilor fizice si psihice ale omului. In cosecinta, dificultatea si complexitatea sarcinii provoaca fie subsolicitarea, fie suprasolicitarea organismului lucratorului.<\/p>\n<p>In ambele cazuri, aare loc scaderea capacitatii de munca datorita oboselii excesive si, implicit, imposibilitatea executantului de a mai actiona corect ( sub \/ suprasolicitare mai ales psihica ) sau alterarea brusca a capacitatii ( de exemplu, o criza de discopatie lombara, in cazul ridicarii unei greutati mai mari decat in mod mnormal ).<\/p>\n<h3>3<a name=\"_TOC_250014\" class=\"mce-item-anchor\"><\/a>.1.4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; FACTORII DE RISC PROPRII EXECUTANTULUI<\/h3>\n<p>Studiile si analizele efectuate privind fenomenul de accidentare si imbolnavire profesionala au relevat incidenta majora a factorilor de risc proprii executantului. Cu foarte putine exceptii, ei se regasesc implicati in geneza tuturor celorlalti factori de risc, deoarece omul este elaboratorul si, totodata, cel care verifica si poate interveni asupra celorlalte elemente ale sistemului de munca: mijloacelor de productie, mediului si sarcinii de munca.<\/p>\n<p>Indiferent de repartitia sarcinilor intre om si masina, activitatea de munca pe care o desfasoara executantul implica receptionarea unor informatii, prelucrarea lor, elaborarea si adoptarea unor decizii, executia acestora si corectarea deciziilor, cand este cazul.<\/p>\n<p>Modul in care lucratorul realizeaza aceste etape defineste comportamentul sau de munca \u2013 totalitatea faptelor, actelor, reactiilor ( motorii, verbale, afective ), prin care o persoana raspunde solicitarilor sarcinii de munca.<\/p>\n<p>Din punctul de vedere al securitatii muncii, distingem un comportament normal, neriscant, sigur, care nu conduce la periclitarea sanatatiisau integritatii anatomofunctionale a executantului si un comportament inadecvat, riscant care poate favoriza sau declansa un accident sau o imbolnavire profesionala.<\/p>\n<p>Comportamentul normal presupune doua componente:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>evitarea riscurilor, prin respectarea prescriptiilor tehnice si a reglementarilor de securitate si sanatate in munca referitoare la modul in care trebuie indeplinita sarcina de munca;<\/li>\n<li>neutralizarea situatiilor de risc create, ceea ce implica sesizarea rapida a acestora ( chiar anticiparea lor ), prelucrarea rapida a informatiilor, decizia si executia ei prompta si rapida.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Comportamentul riscant se manifesta prin conduite nesigure sau necorespunzatoare situatiilor obisnuite sau neobisnuite de munca, constand intr-o omisiune sau actiune gresita, respectiv intr-o eroare.<\/p>\n<p>Erorile reprezinta factori de risc proprii executantului.<\/p>\n<p>Astfel, lucratorul poate uita sa monteze aparatorile de protectie la o banda transportoare inainte de a o pune in functiune ( omisiune ); sa efectueze gresit legaturile la o instalatie electrica, sa stea in zona de actiune a bratului unui robot, sa porneasca o macara inainte ca sarcina sa fie legata sigur in carlig si sa primeasca semnalul operatorului etc. ( actiuni gresite ). Toate aceste manifestari pot conduce la producerea unor accidente de munca.<\/p>\n<p>Prin actiunea lor in cadrul procesului de munca, factorii de risc reprezinta cauze potentiale de accidentare si imbolnavire profesionala.<\/p>\n<p>In consecinta, problema prevenirii accidentelor si bolilor profesionale se reduce, teoretic, la depistarea si eliminarea sau anihilarea actiunii acestora. Deoarece factorii de risc se regasesc la nivelul fiecarui element al sistemului de munca, masurile preventive vor corespunde la cel putin unul dintre aceste elemente. De exemplu, examenul medical si cel psihologic, instruirea \u2013 masurile specifice de securitate si sanatate in munca au ca scop eliminarea factorilor de risc proprii executantului, generati de lipsa unor aptitudini fizice si psihice corespunzatoare, lipsa cunostintelor profesionale si de securitate a muncii etc.<\/p>\n<p>Exista si alte clasificari ale factorilor de risc care-i impart dupa modul in care pot actiona asupra organismului ( factori generatori de accidente si factori generatori de boli sau factori nocivi ), dupa modul de manifestare in timp a actiunii lor ( variatii sau stari ), natura lor sau relatia cu omul ( factori subiectivi si obiectivi etc. ).<\/p>\n<p>Important este insa faptul ca, daca nu se iau masuri corespunzatoare si factorii de risc sunt lasati sa apara si sa actioneze, in final pot genera fie un accident, fie o boala profesionala. In aceste conditii, factorii de risc se transforma in cauze reale de accidentare si imbolnavire profesionala. Mecanismul prin care are loc aceasta prefacere constituie dinamica fenomenului de accidentare si imbolnavire profesionala.<\/p>\n<p><strong>LISTA DE IDENTIFICARE A FACTORILOR DE RISC<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\"mce-item-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>A.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><strong>EXECUTANT<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><strong>AC\u0162IUNI GRE\u015eITE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.1.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Executare defectuoas\u0103 de opera\u0163ii<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; comenzi;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; manevre;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pozi\u0163ion\u0103ri, fix\u0103ri, asambl\u0103ri;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; reglaje;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; utilizare gre\u015fit\u0103 a mijloacelor de protec\u0163ie etc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.2.&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Nesincroniz\u0103ri de opera\u0163ii<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00eent\u00e2rzieri;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; devans\u0103ri.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.3.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Efectuare de opera\u0163ii neprev\u0103zute prin sarcina de munc\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pornirea echipamentelor tehnice;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00eentreruperea func\u0163ion\u0103rii echipamentelor tehnice;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; alimentarea sau oprirea aliment\u0103rii cu energie (curent electric, fluide energetice etc.) ;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; deplas\u0103ri, sta\u0163ion\u0103ri \u00een zone periculoase;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; deplas\u0103ri cu pericol de c\u0103dere:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a7&nbsp; de la acela\u015fi nivel:<\/p>\n<p>o&nbsp;&nbsp; prin dezechilibrare;<\/p>\n<p>o&nbsp;&nbsp; alunecare;<\/p>\n<p>o&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00eempiedicare;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a7&nbsp; de la \u00een\u0103l\u0163ime:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; prin pa\u015fire \u00een gol;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; prin dezechilibrare;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; prin alunecare.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.4.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Comunic\u0103ri accidentogene<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><strong>OMISIUNI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.1.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Omiterea unor opera\u0163ii<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.2.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Neutilizarea mijloacelor de protec\u0163ie<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>B.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>SARCINA DE MUNC\u01cd<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><strong>CON\u0162INUT NECORESPUNZ\u0102TOR AL SARCINII DE MUNC\u0102 \u00ceN RAPORT CU CERIN\u0162ELE DE SECURITATE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.1.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Opera\u0163ii, reguli, procedee gre\u015fite<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.2.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Absen\u0163a unor opera\u0163ii<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.3.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Metode de munc\u0103 necorespunz\u0103toare (succesiune gre\u015fit\u0103 a opera\u0163iilor)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p>\n<table class=\"mce-item-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><strong>SARCINA SUB\/SUPRADIMENSIONAT\u0102 \u00ceN RAPORT CU CAPACITATEA EXECUTANTULUI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.1.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Solicitare fizic\u0103:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; efort static;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pozi\u0163ii de lucru for\u0163ate sau vicioase;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; efort dinamic.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.2.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Solicitare psihic\u01ce :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ritm de munc\u0103 mare;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; decizii dificile \u00een timp scurt;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; opera\u0163ii repetitive de ciclu scurt sau extrem de complex etc.;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; monotonia muncii.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>C.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>MIJLOACE DE PRODUC\u0162IE<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><strong>FACTORI DE RISC MECANIC<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.1.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Mi\u015fc\u0103ri periculoase<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.1.1.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Mi\u015fc\u0103ri func\u0163ionale ale echipamentelor tehnice:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; organe de ma\u015fini \u00een mi\u015fcare;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; curgeri de fluide;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; deplas\u0103ri ale mijloacelor de transport etc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.1.2.<\/strong><strong>Autodeclan\u015f\u0103ri sau autobloc\u0103ri contraindicate ale mi\u015fc\u0103rilor func\u0163ionale ale echipamentelor tehnice sau ale fluidelor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.1.3.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Deplas\u0103ri sub efectul gravita\u0163iei:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; alunecare;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; rostogolire;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; rulare pe ro\u0163i;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; r\u0103sturnare;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c\u0103dere liber\u0103;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; scurgere liber\u0103;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; deversare;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; surpare, pr\u0103bu\u015fire;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; scufundare.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.1.4.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Deplas\u01ceri sub efectul propulsiei:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; proiectare de corpuri sau particule;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; deviere de la traiectoria normal\u0103;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; balans;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; recul;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u015focuri excesive;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; jet, erup\u0163ie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.2.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Suprafe\u0163e sau contururi periculoase:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00een\u0163ep\u0103toare;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; t\u0103ioase;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; alunecoase;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; abrasive;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; adezive.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.3.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Recipiente sub presiune<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.4.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Vibra\u0163ii excesive ale echipamentelor tehnice<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p>\n<table class=\"mce-item-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><strong>FACTORI DE RISC TERMIC<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.1.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Temperatura ridicat\u0103 a obiectelor sau suprafe\u0163elor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.2.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Temperatura cobor\u00e2t\u0103 a obiectelor sau suprafe\u0163elor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.3.&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Fl\u0103c\u0103ri, flame<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>3.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><strong>FACTORI DE RISC ELECTRIC<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3.1.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Curentul electric:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; atingere direct\u0103;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; atingere indirect\u0103;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; tensiune de pas.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>4.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><strong>FACTORI DE RISC CHIMIC<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4.1.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Substan\u0163e toxice<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4.2.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Substan\u0163e caustice<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4.3.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Substan\u0163e inflamabile<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4.4.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Substan\u0163e explozive<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4.5.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Substan\u0163e cancerigene<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4.6.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Substan\u0163e radioactive<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4.7.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Substan\u0163e mutagene<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>5.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><strong>FACTORI DE RISC BIOLOGIC<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>5.1.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Culturi sau preparate cu microorganisme:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bacterii;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; virusuri;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; riche\u0163i;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; spirochete;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ciuperci;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; protozoare.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.2.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Plante periculoase (exemplu: ciuperci otr\u0103vitoare)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>5.3.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Animale periculoase (exemplu: \u015ferpi venino\u015fi)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>D.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>MEDIU DE MUNC\u01cd<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><strong>FACTORI DE RISC FIZIC<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.1.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Temperatura aerului:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ridicat\u0103;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; sc\u0103zut\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.2.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Umiditatea aerului:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ridicat\u0103;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; sc\u0103zut\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.3.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Curen\u0163i de aer<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.4.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Presiunea aerului:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ridicat\u0103;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; sc\u0103zut\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.5.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Aeroionizarea aerului<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.6.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Suprapresiune \u00een ad\u00e2ncimea apelor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.7.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Zgomot<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p>\n<table class=\"mce-item-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><strong>1.8.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Ultrasunete<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.9.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Vibra\u0163ii<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.10.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Iluminat:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; nivel de iluminare sc\u0103zut;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; str\u0103lucire;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; p\u00e2lp\u00e2ire.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.11.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Radia\u0163ii<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.11.1.&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Electromagnetice:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; infraro\u015fii;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ultraviolete;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; microunde;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; de frecven\u0163\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; de frecven\u0163\u0103 medie;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; de frecven\u0163\u0103 joas\u0103;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; laser.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.11.2.&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Ionizante:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; alfa;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; beta;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; gama.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.12.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Poten\u0163ial electrostatic<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.13.<\/strong><strong>Calamit\u0103\u0163i naturale <\/strong>(tr\u0103snet, inunda\u0163ie, v\u00e2nt, grindin\u0103, viscol, alunec\u0103ri, surp\u0103ri, pr\u0103bu\u015firi de teren sau copaci, avalan\u015fe, seisme etc.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.14.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Pulberi pneumoconiogene<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><strong>FACTORI DE RISC CHIMIC<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.1.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Gaze, vapori, aerosoli toxici sau caustici<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2.2.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Pulberi \u00een suspensie \u00een aer, gaze sau vapori inflamabili sau explozivi<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>3.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><strong>FACTORI DE RISC BIOLOGIC<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3.1.&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Microorganisme \u00een suspensie \u00een aer:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bacterii;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; virusuri;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; riche\u0163i;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; spirochete;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ciuperci;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; protozoare etc.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"55\">\n<p><strong>4.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"594\">\n<p><strong>CARACTERUL SPECIAL AL MEDIULUI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; subteran;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; acvatic;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; subacvatic;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ml\u0103\u015ftinos;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; aerian;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cosmic etc.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"><\/p>","protected":false},"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ascendo2001.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson\/1956"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ascendo2001.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ascendo2001.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/lesson"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ascendo2001.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1956"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ascendo2001.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}